UNIDAD I. TIEMPOS VERBALES

Verb tenses

(Tiempos verbales)

Una frase verbal es aquella cuyo núcleo es un verbo; ésta puede estar formada por un verbo ordinario (lexical) o por uno o más verbos auxiliares y uno principal (lexical).

Ejemplo:
Ø The engine functioned perfectly during the test flight.
Ø The pilot is checking the aircraft before flying.
Ø Those aicrafts have been operating since 1970.



Tiempos verbales
(Verb tenses)

En Inglés los tiempos verbales se dividen en simple y compuestos.

*Presente simple: do-does
(Simple present) do not- does not
Ø Simples:
* Pasado simple: did -did not
(Simple past)

* Futuro simple: will-will not
(Simple future)

Progresivos o Contínuos.
*Presente Progresivo: To Be + v+ ing
*Pasado Progresivo: To Be + v + ing
Ø Compuestos: *Futuro Progresivo: To Be + v + ing

Perfectos:
*Presente Perfecto: have + v + en
*Pasado Perfecto: had + v + en
*Futuro Perfecto: will have + v + en


• Para formar los diferentes tiempos verbales en Inglés se hace necesario el uso de verbos auxiliares.

Recordemos:

• Verbo auxiliar (auxiliar verb) es el que “ayuda” a formar un determinado tiempo verbal (verb tense) y verbo lexical (lexical verb) es el que da significado o acción a la oración.
• Ejemplo: Will you travel next weekend?
They work in Caracas



Veamos algunos ejemplos:

Presente simple

• The pilot checks the aircraft before flying.
• Do you go to church?
• We don’t work on Sundays


Pasado simple

• The mechanic checked the aircraft.
• Did you go to the church?
• We didn’t work on Sundays.


Pasado simple

• The mechanic checked the aircraft.
• Did you go to the church?
• We didn’t work on Sundays.

Futuro simple

• The mechanic will check the aircraft.
• Will you go to the church?
• We will not work on Sundays.

Presente progresivo
• The mechanic is cheking the aircraft.
• Are you going to the church?
• We are not working on Sundays.



Pasado progresivo
• The mechanic was checking the aircraft.
• Were you going to the church?
• We were not working on Sundays.

Futuro progresivo

• The mechanic will be checking the aircraft.
• Will you be going to the churc?
• We will not be working on Sundays.

Presente perfecto
• The mechanic has checked the aricraft.
• Have you gone to the church?
• We have not worked on Sundays.

Pasado perfecto
• The mechanic had checked the aircraft.
• Had you gone to the church?
• We had not worked on Sundays
Futuro perfecto
• The mechanic will have checked the aircraft.
• Will you have gone to the church?
• We will have not worked on Sundays.


Observemos los siguientes verbos:

check checked
work worked
go gone

En Inglés existen verbos regulares y verbos irregulares.

• Verbos regulares
Agregan la partícula ed a su base para formar la forma verbal en pasado y pasado participio.
Ejemplo: work - worked – worked

• Verbos irregulares
Cambian de forma para en pasado y pasado participio.
Ejemplo: buy - -bought - bought




Let’s practice

Identifique el tiempo de la frase verbal en las siguientes oraciones.

• That aircraft flew during 9 hours. It needs maintenance.
• The new helicopter system has been designed in Russia.
• The superviser took a wrong decision.
• The aircrew is having a meeting before flying to Europe.

• Some new aeronautical technicians are working in La Carlota.
• This kind of aircrafts has operated in our country for many years.
• While the engine was functioning, all the lights of the panel were on.
• Every weekend they travel to visit their families.
• It has been out of service due to the lack of the small parts coming from the abroad.
• Stability means fixedness or equilibrium.
• You will want to check the propeller operation before take-off.
• The head light flashes immediately after the failure is produced.
• Normally the factory will include the original equipment list as part of the Weight and Balance Form.
• While the propeller was functioning, the panel light was on.
• The pilot has taken a complete look of the airplane prior to fly.



Traduzca el siguiente texto

Basically, in any system, you’ll have a tank drain for each tank and a drain at the fuel strainer.
Almost all kind of airplanes have both a main and an auxiliary tank for fuel. It will prevent the airplane gets a lost of fuel during the flight. Some manufacturers would prefer to have all the fuel just in one tank but it is impossible from either a structural or a space standpoint for large airplanes.

Lea el siguiente texto y subraye las frases verbales presentes e indique el tiempo. luego traduzca sòlo la frase verbal.

Military aircraft maintenance - A new concept.

A substantial maturing of maintenance philosophy has occurred in the air transportation industry with introduction of the modern large wide-body airplanes. Application of that new philosophy in a military environment is both feasible and practical. With due consideration of the large and growing expenditures required for aircraft maintenance, and a desire to reverse unfavorable cost trends, the U.S. Navy has formed a team to design, develop, and implement advanced maintenance plans for two first-line weapon systems. New maintenance plans have been developed and are now being implemented. Early results indicate substantially reduced maintenance cost, better-operating airplanes, and significant improvement in aircraft availability.